With the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), neurologists encounter more immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Since the mortality rate of encephalitis occurring as an irAE ...

Objective Dysfunction of the blood–nerve barrier (BNB) plays important roles in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN). The aim of the present ...

Background Data regarding long-term recovery from autoimmune encephalitis (AE) remain limited. Methods This retrospective observational study investigated outcomes in 182 patients who met the 2016 ...

Lacunar stroke is a marker of cerebral small vessel disease and accounts for up to 25% of ischaemic stroke. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of potential lacunar stroke mechanisms and ...

Physical and pharmacological treatments can reduce pain and discomfort without compromising function Spasticity is a common symptom seen in many neurological conditions, notably head injury, spinal ...

OBJECTIVES To clarify whether different causative events (trauma, stroke, intracranial surgery), time of intervention, and treatment mode influence outcome, patients with fixed and dilated pupils ...

Clinical examination of joint position sense and vibration sense can provide important information concerning specific cutaneous sensory receptors, peripheral nerves, dorsal roots, and central nervous ...

Unilateral visual neglect is characterised by lateralised spatial–attentional deficits, resulting in dramatic behavioural impairments.1 Neglect negatively impacts functional outcome and needs to be ...

Background and purpose Collateral assessment using CT angiography is a promising modality for selecting patients for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in the late window (6–24 hours). The outcome of ...

Background Incomplete attack remission is the main cause of disability in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). Apheresis therapies such as plasma exchange and ...

The immune system has long been recognised important in pain regulation through inflammatory cytokine modulation of peripheral nociceptive fibres. Recently, cytokine interactions in brain and spinal ...

Cyproterone acetate (CPA) has in preliminary studies been linked to the development of meningiomas. Possibly, CPA may induce or increase meningioma growth due to antiandrogen and proprogestin ...